First of all let’s review the rules regarding the Campfire Permit:
- When is a California Campfire Permit required? You must have a California Campfire Permit to use a stove, lantern, or campfire outside a developed campground or recreation area in California. In other words, any sustained source of open flame is going to require a permit. This includes portable backpacking stoves and propane camping lanterns. You do NOT need a permit if you’re car-camping in a developed campground. Developed campsites usually have prepared fire rings, fire pits, or grills for your convenience. The fact that a permit is required for backpacking stoves may seem counter-intuitive, but if you’ve ever had a flare-up while lighting your stove, you’ll understand how easy it is to inadvertently start a fire.
- Where is the permit required? You will need the permit on both National Forest and Bureau of Land Management (BLM) lands in California. This includes designated wilderness areas. Note that many wilderness areas also required a Wilderness Permit for overnight visits. In this case, you will need both permits if you plan to camp overnight and either use a stove or build a campfire. Wilderness Permit requirements vary with each designated Wilderness Area, so be sure to check with the managing agency when planning your trips. Note that you do not need a California Campfire Permit when visiting California’s national parks, such as Yosemite or Sequoia/Kings Canyon. However, you will need a Wilderness Permit and each park has its own separate rules regarding campfires and stove use that you will need to follow. For example, Yosemite National Park prohibits wood fires (but not stoves) above 9600’ elevation due to the scarcity of fire wood and the fragile nature of the alpine plant community.
- What are the seasonal requirements for the Permit? The general rule is that the Permit is required 365 days a year, regardless of the current conditions in the place you happen to be building your fire at the time. This might seem pretty absurd to you if you happen to be hunkered down in a winter rainstorm on the Lost Coast or Six Rivers National Forest, but it’s also highly unlikely that anyone will ask to see your permit under those circumstances. Wildfires can break out at any time of the year in California, and southern California locations are particularly prone to wildfires outside of the traditional “fire season.” During fire season, land management agencies utilize a three-level system of fire restrictions, depending on the current weather conditions and the likelihood of a fire breaking out. While these restrictions vary with each agency, they can be summarized as follows:
Stage I. Open campfires are prohibited outside of developed campgrounds. You’ll still be able to use your backpacking stove, so this is a pretty minor inconvenience. Note that the National Forests in southern California (Angeles, San Bernardino, Cleveland, and Los Padres) routinely impose Stage I restrictions every year for the entire fire season due to the particularly high risk of fire in these areas.
Stage II. Open campfires are prohibited everywhere, including in developed campgrounds. An exception may or may not apply for camping stoves. Be sure to check with the land management agency before your visit for specific restrictions and exemptions. Stage II orders are posted on National Forest and BLM websites, usually under the News or Announcements section. You can also call the appropriate ranger station or BLM office for details.
Stage III. The area is closed to public entry. This is obviously the most extreme restriction, and is usually imposed only when there is already an active fire burning in the area or the risk of a fire breaking out is considered to be extremely high. Some exemptions may apply, but in general it’s best to change your plans and go somewhere else. Perhaps the beach…
As for the permit itself, it’s a simple document and looks like this:
Whether you obtain your permit online or in person at a ranger station or BLM office, be sure to fill out the required information and sign the permit. Note that permits are valid for the remainder of the calendar year in which they were issued. In other words, it’s best to get your permit as early in the year as possible.
When you sign your permit, you are agreeing to abide by the following rules when building a fire or operating a backpacking stove in the backcountry:
- Clear all flammable material away from the fire for a minimum of five feet in all directions to prevent escape of the fire.
- Have a shovel available at the campfire site for preparing and extinguishing campfires.
- Have a responsible person in attendance at all times.
- Extinguish campfire with water, using the drown, stir, and feel method.
As with any set of rules, it’s best to apply a little common sense in applying them. For example, no ranger is going to inspect your campsite with a tape measure to make sure that you’ve cleared a perfect five foot circle around your fire. In most cases, you will be camping at an established campsite that already has a fire ring of some sort. Clear any remaining duff and you’re good to go. One item of highly flammable material that you want to keep at least five feet (if not 10-20 feet) away from an open campfire: your tent.
The shovel requirement is probably the least practical, and least-obeyed of these rules. Unless you’re packing in on horseback, most people won’t bring a full-sized shovel on a backpacking trip. At the same time, it’s unlikely that you’ll actually need one – particularly if you stick to established campsites and fire rings.
The requirement to have a responsible person in attendance at all times simply means that you shouldn’t leave your fire unattended. Ever. Period. This won’t present a problem if you’re just using a stove. However, if you have an open campfire, you’ll want to ensure that it’s completely out before you turn in for the night.
How exactly do you make sure that your fire is completely out? Why, using the drown, stir, and feel method, of course. Only water (and lots of it) can ensure that your fire is really extinguished. In other words, covering your fire with dirt (presumably using that shovel that you’re supposed to be carrying) won’t cut it. Pour as much water as you can onto the fire, then stir the ashes to dig up any buried embers that are still smoldering. Pour some more water, then repeat until the fire site is cold to the touch.
As for obtaining your fire permit in the first place, the Sequoia National Forest has been kind enough to set up a self-issuing process on their website to allow you to download and print your own fire permit. Here’s the link:
http://www.fs.usda.gov/detail/sequoia/passes-permits/?cid=fsbdev3_059516
You’ll be asked to complete a simple, four-question quiz, but the answers are on the website and they’ve even added a “cheat mode” to make it really easy. Remember that the real purpose of the fire permit requirement is to educate visitors to the public lands about common sense fire safety precautions that you may or may not already be aware of. Complete the quiz, and you’ll be able to download your permit in PDF format. Print a copy, fill it out and sign it, and then carry it in your wallet or backpack. Since the permit is good for the entire calendar year, I recommend that you keep an electronic copy of the PDF file in case you lose your printed copy.
UPDATE: Los Padres National Forest now has online campfire permits also. Their web page includes information about the permit and a link to a PDF version of a blank permit. No test required! There is also a link to current fire restrictions on the Los Padres.
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I am sorry, but your comment, "Only water (and lots of it) can ensure that your fire is really extinguished." is simply NOT true.
You can easily put out a fire effectively without wasting water (esp. if your water is limited). Spread the coals out (safely mind you) and start stomping. A little time, a lot of air, and a bit of dirt will make it safely extinguished and safe to the touch (aka – safe enough to NOT start a fire) in a very short time. The KEY is to actually touch it all. Don't assume it is all the same temp and safe to leave. Check it all by hand. Be effective. Be safe.
LEAVE NO TRACE!!
The terms of the California Campfire Permit explicitly require you to extinguish your campfire with water using the “drown, stir, and feel method.” I agree that your method would also work in situations where you have little or no water available to put the fire out, but you would certainly want to use water if you have an adequate supply available. Here’s some useful references:
http://www.smokeybear.com/put-out-campfire.asp
http://www.preventwildfireca.org/Campfires/